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The Opium War Between England and China:
The Opium War is a particularly dark chapter in opium's long history. It began in 1839, after Chinese officials detained British opium smugglers who were employed by the British East India Company, and confiscated millions of dollars worth of illegal opium in an effort to curtail the staggering opium epidemic that was crippling China. The British East India Company had netted the British Crown a fortune during its four-decade monopoly on the illegal but highly lucrative opium trade in China. In response to Chinese efforts to end the trade, the British government declared war on China.
After the Chinese were overwhelmingly defeated by the British in 1842, the Treaty of Nanking, which the Chinese would call the "unequal treaty," forced them to permit England's opium trade in their country indefinitely, to give Hong Kong to Britain as a colony until July 1, 1997, and to pay for England's war expenses, as well as for the opium seizure that had touched off the war.
China's opium epidemic continued into the early twentieth century.
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